[KC]

Polyphonic Chord Synthesizer

JAN–MAY 2025 · TEENSY 4.1 / I²C / I²S · COURSE PROJECT · audio · hardware

DEMO · polyphonic synth demo
synthesizer — assembled hardware
FIG 01 · synthesizer — assembled hardware

An embedded chord synthesizer built on a Teensy 4.1. Multi-voice synthesis — waveform oscillators, envelopes, and mixers — routed through a DAC and I²S output, with edit-mode state handling and saved chord slots so a player can perform a set without touching the UI mid-song.

I2C mapping
FIG 02 · I2C mapping

The interesting part wasn't the synthesis; the math of summing oscillators is textbook. The interesting part was fitting state, input handling, and timing inside the Teensy's memory budget without dropping voices. Embedded audio is cruel in a specific way: a ten-millisecond hiccup is audible. Everything in the code base is organized around the constraint that the audio callback must never allocate, never block, and never miss its deadline. Once you commit to that, most of the design decisions write themselves.

audio adaptor pins
FIG 03 · audio adaptor pins